This informal CPD article, ‘Sensory Processing Challenges in Neurodivergent Individuals’, was provided by The Autism & ADHD Advocates CIC, an organisation committed to empowering families with the knowledge and resources they need to navigate the unique challenges of autism and ADHD.
Introduction
Sensory processing refers to how the brain interprets and responds to sensory stimuli from the environment, such as sights, sounds, textures, and movement. While many individuals can process sensory input seamlessly, neurodivergent individuals—particularly those with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) or Sensory Processing Disorder (SPD)—may experience heightened or diminished sensitivity to sensory stimuli. These sensory challenges can greatly impact their ability to focus, learn, and function in everyday situations, especially in school or work environments.
What Is Sensory Processing?
Sensory processing involves the brain receiving, organising, and responding to external stimuli through the five traditional senses (sight, sound, taste, touch, smell), as well as the vestibular (balance) and proprioceptive (body awareness) systems. Sensory processing challenges often present in two ways:
Hypersensitivity: An over-responsiveness to sensory input, leading to avoidance behaviours or overwhelming reactions.
Hyposensitivity: An under-responsiveness to sensory input, causing a need for extra stimulation, such as seeking certain textures or movement.
Impact on Learning and Daily Life
Hypersensitivity in the Classroom:
Students who are hypersensitive may find everyday sounds, lighting, or textures intolerable. For example, the hum of fluorescent lights, background noise, or the texture of certain fabrics may cause anxiety or discomfort. These distractions can make it difficult for students to concentrate, engage in group activities, or complete tasks, as they become overwhelmed by their sensory environment.
Hyposensitivity and Sensory Seeking:
Students with hyposensitivity may seek out sensory input to stimulate their under-responsive systems. They might fidget, rock in their chairs, or touch objects frequently. While these behaviours may seem disruptive, they are often ways for neurodivergent students to self-regulate. However, this sensory-seeking behaviour can be misunderstood in classrooms, leading to discipline instead of support.
Common Sensory Processing Challenges
Auditory Sensitivity: Overreaction to loud or specific sounds, leading to withdrawal or anxiety in noisy environments.
Visual Sensitivity: Bright lights or cluttered environments can overwhelm individuals, making it difficult to focus or engage with visual tasks.
Tactile Sensitivity: Discomfort with certain textures or sensations may cause difficulties with clothing, materials, or even interactions like handshakes.
Vestibular and Proprioceptive Needs: Challenges with balance and spatial awareness can affect physical activities or moving through crowded spaces.
Supporting Students with Sensory Processing Challenges
Educators and caregivers can provide support by:
Creating sensory-friendly environments: Adjust lighting, reduce noise levels, and offer flexible seating options, such as cushions or standing desks.
Providing sensory tools: Fidget toys, noise-cancelling headphones, and weighted blankets can help students manage their sensory needs.
Incorporating sensory breaks: Allowing students time for sensory activities, such as movement or calming exercises, can help them self-regulate and refocus.
Collaborating with occupational therapists: Occupational therapists can offer personalised strategies to help students manage their sensory challenges effectively.
Conclusion
Sensory processing challenges are a significant factor in the daily lives of neurodivergent individuals. Understanding these challenges and implementing appropriate strategies can help improve their focus, and overall well-being in educational settings. By creating sensory-friendly environments, neurodivergent individuals can thrive in all aspects of life.
We hope this article was helpful. For more information from The Autism & ADHD Advocates CIC, please visit their CPD Member Directory page. Alternatively, you can go to the CPD Industry Hubs for more articles, courses and events relevant to your Continuing Professional Development requirements.
